There are two types of adjectives in Japanese: i-adjectives and na-adjectives. I-adjectives all end in "~ i," though they never end in "~ ei" (e.g. "kirei" is not an i-adjective.)
Japanese
adjectives differ from their English counterparts. Although Japanese
adjectives have functions to modify nouns like English adjectives, they
also function as verbs when used as predicates. For example, "takai(高い)" in the sentence "takai kuruma (高い車)" means, "expensive". "Takai(高い)" of "kono kuruma wa takai (この車は高い)" means not just "expensive" but "is expensive". When i-adjectives are used as predicates, they may be followed by "~ desu(~です)" to indicate a formal style. "Takai desu (高いです)" also means, "is expensive" but it is more formal than "takai (高い)". Here are lists of common i-adjectives and na-adjectives.
Common I-Adjectives
atarashii 新しい | new | furui 古い | old |
atatakai 暖かい | warm | suzushii 涼しい | cool |
atsui 暑い | hot | samui 寒い | cold |
oishii おいしい | delicious | mazui まずい | bad tasting |
ookii 大きい | big | chiisai 小さい | small |
osoi 遅い | late, slow | hayai 早い | early, quick |
omoshiroi 面白い | interesting, funny | tsumaranai つまらない | boring |
kurai 暗い | dark | akarui 明るい | bright |
chikai 近い | near | tooi 遠い | far |
nagai 長い | long | mijikai 短い | short |
muzukashii 難しい | difficult | yasashii 優しい | easy |
ii いい | good | warui 悪い | bad |
takai 高い | tall, expensive | hikui 低い | low |
yasui 安い | cheap | wakai 若い | young |
isogashii 忙しい | busy | urusai うるさい | noisy |
Common Na-Adjectives
ijiwaruna 意地悪な | mean | shinsetsuna 親切な | kind |
kiraina 嫌いな | distasteful | sukina 好きな | favorite |
shizukana 静かな | quiet | nigiyakana にぎやかな | lively |
kikenna 危険な | dangerous | anzenna 安全な | safe |
benrina 便利な | convenient | fubenna 不便な | inconvenient |
kireina きれいな | pretty | genkina 元気な | healthy, well |
jouzuna 上手な | skillful | yuumeina 有名な | famous |
teineina 丁寧な | polite | shoujikina 正直な | honest |
gankona 頑固な | stubborn | hadena 派手な | showy |
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