Monday, December 30, 2013

All About Adjectives

There are two types of adjectives in Japanese: i-adjectives and na-adjectives. I-adjectives all end in "~ i," though they never end in "~ ei" (e.g. "kirei" is not an i-adjective.)
Japanese adjectives differ from their English counterparts. Although Japanese adjectives have functions to modify nouns like English adjectives, they also function as verbs when used as predicates. For example, "takai(高い)" in the sentence "takai kuruma (高い車)" means, "expensive". "Takai(高い)" of "kono kuruma wa takai (この車は高い)" means not just "expensive" but "is expensive". When i-adjectives are used as predicates, they may be followed by "~ desu(~です)" to indicate a formal style. "Takai desu (高いです)" also means, "is expensive" but it is more formal than "takai (高い)".
Here are lists of common i-adjectives and na-adjectives.
Common I-Adjectives
atarashii 新しい new furui 古い old
atatakai 暖かい warm suzushii 涼しい cool
atsui 暑い hot samui 寒い cold
oishii おいしい delicious mazui まずい bad tasting
ookii 大きい big chiisai 小さい small
osoi 遅い late, slow hayai 早い early, quick
omoshiroi 面白い interesting, funny tsumaranai つまらない boring
kurai 暗い dark akarui 明るい bright
chikai 近い near tooi 遠い far
nagai 長い long mijikai 短い short
muzukashii 難しい difficult yasashii 優しい easy
ii いい good warui 悪い bad
takai 高い tall, expensive hikui 低い low
yasui 安い cheap wakai 若い young
isogashii 忙しい busy urusai うるさい noisy
Common Na-Adjectives
ijiwaruna 意地悪な mean shinsetsuna 親切な kind
kiraina 嫌いな distasteful sukina 好きな favorite
shizukana 静かな quiet nigiyakana にぎやかな lively
kikenna 危険な dangerous anzenna 安全な safe
benrina 便利な convenient fubenna 不便な inconvenient
kireina きれいな pretty genkina 元気な healthy, well
jouzuna 上手な skillful yuumeina 有名な famous
teineina 丁寧な polite shoujikina 正直な honest
gankona 頑固な stubborn hadena 派手な showy

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